The disasters directly affected many auto, electronics and other parts makers’ plants, causing disruptions to supply chains. They also caused the immediate shutdown of four nuclear power plants, including the Fukushima No.1 plant at the center of the ongoing nuclear crisis.

As a result, many factories in a wide range of industries, even in the unaffected areas, have been forced to stop or curtail operations due to parts and electricity shortages.

From the Journal of Commerce